Hybrids between <i>Rubus idaeus</i> and <i>Rubus</i> sect. <i>Corylifolii</i> and their relation to <i>R. pruinosus</i> and <i>R. rosanthus</i>

We have studied hybrids between Rubus idaeus and various members of R. sect. Corylifolii, primarily in Sweden. With the help DNA-ploidy level determinations using flow cytometry microsatellite DNA analysis over 500 samples, we show that material can be divided into four stable apomictic species (belonging to subsect. Subidaei) a large number primary hybrids. Stable recognised by distribution is distinct from Corylifolii parent, uniform morphology an almost invariant genetic pattern. confirm cordatiformis has arisen hybrid eluxatus × idaeus. Moreover, our study shows lagerbergii dissimulans For onsalaënsis, unexpectedly identify ancestor as previously unidentified with very restricted northern part province Halland, which here described antecedens. Furthermore, pruinosus s. str. aureolus it known only rather area provinces Småland, Östergötland Södermanland eastern On other hand, great majority what been called diverse collection species, variation both genetically morphologically. The same applies rosanthus, represents norvegicus hybrids: they independently therefore should considered also identified gothicus (by far most common Sweden), aureolus, camptostachys, decurrentispinus, eluxatus, friesianus, hallandicus, lidforssii norvegicus.